5W1H (who, what, where, when, why, how) is a method of asking questions about a process or a problem taken up for improvement.
Four of the W’s (who, what, where, when) and the one H is used to comprehend for details, analyze inferences and judgment to get to the fundamental facts and guide statements to get to the abstraction.
The last W (why) is often asked five times so that one can drill down to get to the core of a problem.